The Power of Eight — Fact-Check Dashboard

Systematic fact-check of Lynn McTaggart's book · 70 fact-checks · 151 references · 14 deep investigations

Project Overview

70
Fact-Checks
14
Deep Investigations
151
References Tracked
117
References Downloaded
23
Book Chapters
~260
Total Files

Final Assessment

McTaggart's "Power of Eight" rests on:

Zero peer-reviewed publications of her own experiments

Zero independent replications

A regulatory ruling that her medical claims are "unsubstantiated and misleading" (British ASA, 2022/2023)

Foundational studies that have all either failed replication, been exposed for outcome switching, or produced effects that track with experimenter beliefs rather than any genuine phenomenon

The most concise verdict comes from the British ASA: "not substantiated and misleading."

Recurring Methodological Problems

1. Nothing published in peer-reviewed journals

2. Zero independent replications

3. Post-hoc analysis / data dredging pervasive

4. N=1 or near-N=1 designs with no statistical power

5. Pervasive conflicts of interest

6. Inverse correlation between rigor and effect size

7. Confounds uncontrolled

8. Self-report without medical verification

Verdict Distribution Across Fact-Checks

Regulatory & Reputational Record

ActionDetail
ASA Ruling (2022/2023)British Advertising Standards Authority ruled Power of Eight medical claims "not substantiated and misleading"; required cessation of medical claims
Ig Nobel Prize (1994)Awarded to John Hagelin for the DC crime study — satirical prize mocking the methodology
STEP Trial (2006)Largest prayer study ever: 1,802 patients, $2.4M, triple-blind — prayer did NOT help; patients who KNEW they were prayed for had WORSE outcomes
PEAR ConsortiumPEAR's own multi-lab replication attempt FAILED
Targ Replication (2006)Larger follow-up by sympathetic researchers: NO effect of distant healing
Braud-WisemanEffects tracked experimenter beliefs, vanished with tightened controls
Fairfield, Iowa20-25x the TM threshold, less safe than 83% of US cities

Reference Collection Progress

117 of 145 non-interview references downloaded 81%
Downloaded: 117 Not found: 28 Skipped (interviews): 6

The Power of Eight — Fact-Check Executive Summary

A comprehensive, independent fact-check of Lynn McTaggart's The Power of Eight (2017), covering all 15 of her own experiments, 20+ supporting studies, and 151 cited references.
"Not substantiated and misleading." — British Advertising Standards Authority (2022/2023)
0
Peer-reviewed publications
0
Independent replications
70
Claims fact-checked
--
Negative verdicts

8 Recurring Methodological Problems

1Nothing published — Not a single one of McTaggart's own experiments has been published in a peer-reviewed journal, even after 18+ years.
2Zero replications — No experiment has been independently replicated. Foundational studies she cites all failed replication.
3Post-hoc data dredging — Sri Lanka violence increased 224%; "success" measured from the spike. "790% decrease" is mathematically impossible.
4N=1 designs — One target leaf. One PTSD subject. One water sample. Zero statistical power.
5Conflicts of interest — Researchers sell the devices they test, treat the patients they study, and promote what they research.
6Rigor inversely predicts effect — Large effects in poor studies, null results in rigorous ones — the signature of methodological artifacts.
7Confounds uncontrolled — Prior brain training, CO2 absorption, thunderstorms, military operations, and temperature all unaccounted for.
8Self-report only — All workshop "healings" are self-reported by paying attendees. No medical records or physician confirmation.

Most Damning Facts by Category

Biological intentionLeaf experiment unpublished for 18+ years. If real, publication would be the single most important validation.
Peace experimentsViolence INCREASED 224% during Sri Lanka experiment; war ended by military force, not intention.
PTSD healingMcTaggart herself admits: "it is impossible to declare categorically that changes were due to intention."
Workshop healingBritish ASA formally ruled claims "unsubstantiated and misleading" (2022/2023).
TM precedentFairfield, Iowa has 20-25x the "required" meditators — still less safe than 83% of US cities.
ParapsychologyBeliever gets results, skeptic gets nothing, tightened controls = both get nothing.
Neuroscience50,000 hours of monk training does not equal 10 minutes at a workshop. Original researchers don't endorse the extrapolation.
Anchor studiesEvery legitimate study McTaggart cites actually provides the conventional explanation that makes her claims unnecessary.

Regulatory & Reputational Record

ASA Ruling (2022)British Advertising Standards Authority ruled Power of Eight medical claims "not substantiated and misleading."
Ig Nobel Prize (1994)Awarded to John Hagelin for the DC crime/meditation study — a satirical prize mocking the methodology.
STEP Trial (2006)Largest prayer study ever (1,802 patients, $2.4M, triple-blind): prayer did NOT help; patients who knew were prayed for fared WORSE.
PEAR ConsortiumPrinceton's own multi-lab replication of their consciousness/REG results FAILED.
Targ Replication (2006)Larger follow-up of distant healing by sympathetic researchers found NO effect.

Verdict Breakdown

Bottom Line

McTaggart's "Power of Eight" rests on zero peer-reviewed publications of her own experiments, zero independent replications, and a citation strategy that systematically misrepresents legitimate science. Every foundational study she relies on has either failed replication, been exposed for outcome switching, or produced effects that track with experimenter beliefs rather than any genuine phenomenon.

The workshop benefits participants report are real — but they are the well-documented benefits of community, social support, ritual, meaning-making, placebo, and expectation. These require no appeal to consciousness-based healing, quantum fields, or intention affecting matter at a distance.

Master Verdict Table

14 deep research investigations covering all of McTaggart's experiments and supporting studies. Each investigation used Perplexity's sonar-deep-research model with 30+ web searches.

#TopicClaimed ResultActual StatusKey Problem
01Geranium leaf"Highly significant" glow increaseUnpublished 18+ yearsNo p-value; N=1; 3 of 5 attempts failed
02Barley seeds"10 million to 1" growth effectSSE proceedings onlyPost-hoc data dredging; inverted dose-response
03Korotkov water"Highly significant" GDV changesEffects at wrong timesGDV = rebranded Kirlian photography
04Sri Lanka peace74% violence dropViolence INCREASED 224%Drop measured from anomalous spike
05Afghanistan/DC"790% decrease"; 33% crime drop790% mathematically impossibleSeasonal variation + troop drawdown
06PTSD/EEGAlpha waves 3 SD above normalN=1; unpublishedSubject pre-trained in exact skill measured
07Water experimentspH changed, seeds grew, spectra shiftedp<0.07 (not significant)Thunderstorm; CO2 absorption; Emoto pseudoscience
08Workshops/reboundHundreds of instant healingsAll self-reportedASA ruled "unsubstantiated and misleading"
09PEAR/GCPConsciousness affects REGsOwn replication failedPublication bias; corrections eliminate significance
10TM MaharishiGroup meditation reduces crimeDC homicides roseALL researchers TM-affiliated; Ig Nobel Prize
11Targ/Braud/GradDistant healing worksOutcome switchedBeliever gets results, skeptic gets nothing
12Biophotons/Water/GDVTheoretical frameworks validScientifically dead"Zombie hypothesis" — no mainstream support
13Neuroscience10-min sessions = monk statesAuthors don't endorse50,000 hours vs. 10 minutes
14Anchor studiesMainstream science supports claimsConventional explanationKaptchuk's placebo research UNDERMINES claims

Key Damning Facts by Category

CategoryMost Damning Fact
Biological intentionLeaf experiment unpublished for 18+ years — if real, publication would be the single most important validation
Peace experimentsViolence INCREASED 224% during Sri Lanka experiment; war ended by military force, not intention
PTSD healingMcTaggart herself writes: "it is impossible to declare categorically that changes were due to intention, rather than his own brain training"
Workshop healingBritish ASA formally ruled claims "unsubstantiated and misleading" (2022/2023)
GDV/BiofieldsKirlian "phantom leaf" disappears when surface cleaned; GDV measures conductivity, not biofields
TM precedentFairfield, Iowa (20-25x threshold) — less safe than 83% of US cities
ParapsychologyBraud-Wiseman: identical protocol, believer gets results, skeptic gets nothing
Neuroscience50,000 hours of monk training ≠ 10 minutes at a workshop; mirror neuron field abandoned grand claims
Anchor studiesEvery legitimate study McTaggart cites provides the conventional explanation that makes her claims unnecessary

Fact-Check Reports (70 reports across 4 batches)

Each report examines a specific claim from the book, including what was claimed, what was actually found, methodology assessment, and key discrepancies.

Deep Research Investigations (14 investigations)

Each investigation used Perplexity's sonar-deep-research model with 30+ web searches and extensive reasoning. Total cost: ~$17 across 14 queries (420 web searches, ~4M reasoning tokens).

Consensus Academic Literature Review

Deep research via Consensus.app (250M+ peer-reviewed papers). PRO_RESEARCH mode: 1,047 papers identified, 832 screened, 242 eligible, 50 included.

Research Question
Can directed human intention produce measurable, reproducible changes in the physical or chemical properties of water?
No — current evidence does not support this claim
1,047
Papers Identified
50
Papers Included
40
Papers Analyzed
0
Mainstream Replications

Experimental Studies Reporting Effects

A handful of controlled experiments reported statistically significant but modest changes. In every case, methodological problems undermine the findings:

Matos et al. (2017) — RCT with 286 biofield practitioners. Found pH variations during intention interventions, but effects disappeared after replacing the electrode electrolyte — suggesting instrumentation artifacts, not real changes in water.
J. Evidence-based Complementary & Alternative Medicine · DOI: 10.1177/2156587217707117 · 6 citations
Radin et al. — Observed FTIR spectral changes in distilled water (~3200 cm&supmin;¹) after energy medicine treatment (p < 0.03), but not with commercial bottled water and only for some conditions.
Explore

Claims & Evidence Strength

ClaimStrengthKey Finding
Focused intention changes water pH/conductivity/spectra 3/10 Small effects undermined by methodological flaws and artifacts
Effects disappear when artifacts controlled 6/10 Electrode replacement eliminates observed anomalies
No robust evidence for reproducible effects 8/10 Systematic reviews find no reliable replication under blinded conditions
Quantum/nonlocal mechanisms lack support 2/10 Mechanisms remain speculative without testable predictions
Positive findings only in fringe journals 7/10 Zero results in mainstream physics or chemistry journals
Confounds explain reported anomalies 8/10 Instrument drift and environmental factors better account for data

Research Gaps Matrix

Coverage of the intention-water hypothesis across study types. Most gaps exist for blinded replication studies in mainstream journals.

Controlled Lab
Blinded
Spectroscopic
Mainstream Pub
pH / Electrical
Some
Very few
Very few
None
IR / Raman shifts
Very few
None
Very few
None
Replication studies
None
None
None
None
Mechanistic explanation
None
None
None
None

Open Research Questions

1. Can blinded multi-lab trials detect any effect of human intention on pure water's properties?
Only rigorous multi-site replications can resolve whether reported anomalies are real or artifactual.
2. What environmental/instrumental confounds explain apparent “intention” effects?
Understanding all sources of measurement error is essential before attributing causality to mental phenomena.

Full Report

Click to read full Consensus analysis ▶

View the complete literature review including methodology, detailed results, discussion, and all cited papers.

Source: Consensus.app PRO_RESEARCH (Deep Search) · 8 search strategies · 1,047 papers identified · 50 included · February 26, 2026
research/consensus-water-intention-deep.md

Book Claims by Chapter (23 chapters)

Extracted claims from each chapter of the book, including scientific studies cited, researcher profiles, quantitative claims, and theoretical assertions.

By Chapter

Each chapter of the book with its key studies, associated fact-checks, and an evidence assessment. Click a chapter to expand, then click any fact-check to read the full report.

Reference Library (151 references)

Complete bibliography from the book. References were collected using a 3-tier pipeline: CrossRef/Unpaywall/Sci-Hub, Perplexity AI search, and Anna's Archive/Libgen.

117
Downloaded
28
Not Found
6
Skipped (Interviews)
81%
Success Rate
#StatusTitleAuthorsYearType

Researcher Network (22 researchers)

Interactive network graph showing the interconnections between researchers McTaggart cites. Node size reflects the number of chapters a researcher appears in. Edges connect researchers who collaborate on the same studies. Hover/tap nodes for details. Drag to rearrange.

Core Collaborator (3+ chapters)
Prominent (2-3 chapters)
Secondary (1 chapter)
Collaboration

All Researchers by Prominence

The Five-Layer Citation Strategy

McTaggart uses a sophisticated five-layer strategy to create an illusion of scientific legitimacy. Each layer builds on the previous, making the overall argument appear more credible than any individual claim.

Layer 1 — Legitimate "Anchor" Studies

Cites real, peer-reviewed research (Pennebaker, Kaptchuk, Davidson/Lutz, Poulin, Koenig) then makes analogical leaps to extraordinary claims.

Every anchor study provides a CONVENTIONAL explanation (placebo, social support, expectation) that eliminates the need for intention-based healing.

Layer 2 — Credentialed But Fringe Researchers

Features real academic credentials (Schwartz/Harvard PhD, Hagelin/Harvard physics, Roy/Penn State NAE) — but in each case the researcher had migrated to the fringe.

Peter Woit: Hagelin's consciousness claims are "the work of a crackpot." Schwartz's mediumship research critically flawed per Randi, Hyman, Wiseman, Bem.

Layer 3 — Real But Misrepresented Phenomena

Biophotons exist (metabolic byproducts). Mirror neurons exist (motor neurons). Water coherent domains are a real theoretical proposal.

None of these phenomena support the claimed mechanisms. Authors never claimed water stores thoughts or mirror neurons enable psychic merging.

Layer 4 — Institutional-Sounding But Non-Mainstream Venues

Journal of Scientific Exploration (UFology journal). Quantum University ("NOT equivalent to an MD"). Russian Ministry of Health approval.

Different regulatory standards are not scientific validation. JSE publishes work on UFOs, cryptozoology, and psychic phenomena.

Layer 5 — Impressive Statistics Without Context

"10 million to one" (post-hoc data dredging). "790% decrease" (mathematically impossible). "38 of 42 experiments positive" (unverifiable).

A 90% success rate would exceed any pharmaceutical intervention in history — extraordinary claims requiring extraordinary evidence, none of which is provided.

What's Actually Real vs. Fabricated or Distorted

Separating the legitimate science McTaggart references from the distortions and fabrications she builds on top of it.

Actually Real

  • Biophotons exist (metabolic byproducts, not a communication system)
  • Sustained meditation (months/years) produces measurable brain changes
  • Placebo effects produce real neurobiological changes
  • Social support improves health
  • Mirror neurons exist (but are motor neurons, not psychic tools)
  • Brain synchronization during coordinated action occurs
  • Volunteering benefits health
  • Expressive writing is therapeutic
  • Gamma synchrony in expert meditators (10,000-50,000 hours of practice)

Fabricated or Distorted

  • 10 minutes of group intention = years of meditation training (no evidence)
  • Human intention alters biophotons, seed growth, or water (never published, never replicated)
  • Intention reduces violence at a distance (violence increased during experiment)
  • GDV measures "biofields" (it measures moisture and conductivity)
  • Water retains "memory" of intentions (hydrogen bonds last femtoseconds)
  • Mirror neurons enable psychic "merging" (they're motor neurons)
  • 90% experimental success rate (unverifiable; extraordinary claim)
  • Workshop testimonials = evidence of healing (ruled "misleading" by ASA)
  • Quantum mechanics supports consciousness affecting matter (no physicist endorses this)
  • "Rebound effect" is a real phenomenon (no credible evidence)
  • "790% decrease" in anything (mathematically impossible)

Gaps, Improvements & Potential Additions

Analysis of what the project is missing, what could be strengthened, and what new dimensions could be added.

Missing

Done

No Executive Summary / One-Pager

Added as the "Executive Summary" tab — a concise, shareable one-page summary for lay audiences.

Missing

28 References Still Not Downloaded

81% success rate is good but 28 references remain unavailable. 4 have wrong files in the directory (refs 46, 47, 49, 98), 10 are behind paywalls, and 14 aren't digitized. The wrong-file issues could be fixed with targeted re-downloads.

Missing

No Cross-Reference Map

There's no mapping between the 70 fact-checks and the 151 references they cite. A cross-reference would show which references are cited most often and which fact-checks rely on which source papers.

Missing

McTaggart's Response / Counter-Arguments

The project doesn't systematically document McTaggart's own rebuttals to criticism. Including and addressing her counter-arguments would strengthen the analysis and preempt "you didn't consider her side" objections.

Could Be Improved

Improve

Inconsistent Fact-Check Depth

Some fact-checks are 4+ pages with detailed methodology assessments (e.g., Sri Lanka peace, PTSD/EEG), while others in batch 3-4 are shorter with less rigorous analysis. A quality pass to bring all reports to a consistent standard would strengthen the whole project.

Improve

Verdict Taxonomy Inconsistency

The verdicts use ~15 different labels (MISLEADING, UNVERIFIABLE, PARTIALLY ACCURATE, ANECDOTAL, DISCREDITED, MISAPPLIED, SPECULATIVE, etc.). A standardized 5-6 verdict taxonomy with clear definitions would make comparisons easier and the analysis more rigorous.

Improve

Chapter Claims Files Lack Verdicts

The 23 chapter claim extraction files list claims but don't include verdicts or link to the fact-check reports that evaluate them. Adding cross-links would connect the claim extraction to the analysis.

Improve

Research JSONs Are Raw Dumps

The /research/ directory has paired .md and .json files, but the JSON files are raw Perplexity API responses. Extracting structured data (sources, key findings, confidence levels) would make them machine-parseable and enable richer dashboard visualizations.

Could Be Added

Add

Timeline Visualization

A chronological timeline showing when each experiment was conducted, when it was (or wasn't) published, and when it was debunked or failed replication. This would visually demonstrate the pattern of delayed/absent publication.

Done

Researcher Network Graph

Added as the "Researcher Network" tab — interactive force-directed graph with 22 researchers and 25 collaboration edges.

Add

Financial Conflict-of-Interest Tracker

Several key figures sell products or services related to their research (Korotkov sells GDV devices, McTaggart sells workshops, Schwartz runs paid programs). Documenting the commercial interests would add an important analytical dimension.

Add

Comparison with Other "Group Intention" Authors

McTaggart isn't alone in this space. Comparing her methodology and claims with Dispenza, Braden, Lipton, and others in the "consciousness affects matter" ecosystem would show common patterns and shared weaknesses.

Add

Podcast/Video Debunking Script

The research is thorough enough to support a video or podcast episode. A structured script walking through the strongest findings (Sri Lanka data, ASA ruling, Fairfield Iowa, Braud-Wiseman) would be a powerful derivative product.

Add

PDF Report Generation

Auto-generate a formatted PDF report from the markdown files for offline reading, sharing, or archival. The data is all there; it just needs a compilation pipeline.

Power of Eight Fact-Check Dashboard · 14 deep research investigations · ~$17 research cost · February 2026